نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
History, the Land and Languages of Iran
The contemporary Iranian names comprise part of the lexicon of Modern Persian language, which is the official and standard language of Iran. Present Iran occupies the central part of the historical and cultural Persia, spreading geographically from the Indian subcontinent in the east to Mesopotamia and Anatolia in the west and from the Caspian Sea and Caucasus Mountains in the north to the Persia Gulf in the south. There are several hypothetical reasons—among them the diversity and mildness of the climate—that attracted the Indo-Aryan tribes to migrate from northern Asian steppes around the Aral Lake and north of Caspian Sea to southern regions of Indian subcontinent and Iranian plateau. “The Indo-Aryans split off around 1800 BCE to 1600 BCE from the Iranians, whereafter the Indo-Aryans migrated into Anatolia and, possibly in multiple waves, the Punjab (northern Pakistan and India), while the Iranians moved into Iran, both bringing with them the Indo-Iranian languages. The Medes, Parthians and Persians begin to appear on the western Iranian Plateau from c. 800 BCE, after which they remained under Assyrian rule for several centuries, as it was with the rest of the peoples in the Near East. The Achaemenids replaced Median rule from 559 BCE. Around the first millennium of the Common Era (AD), the Kambojas, the Pashtuns and the Baloch began to settle on the eastern edge of the Iranian Plateau, on the mountainous frontier of northwestern and western Pakistan, displacing the earlier Indo-Aryans from the area. “The earlier Indo-Aryans from the area.” (retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migrations)