مقایسه زبان و موسیقی از دیدگاه عصب روان شناسی زبان

The present study compares the music and the language cognitive systems. The studying these two systems is important in terms of their complexities and helps us understand how the brain and the mind work. In this study, language and music systems are first defined; then, they are compared based on psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic considerations. First, the two systems are compared from the point of view of psycholinguistics in terms of processing (comprehension and learning), the phenomenon of categorical perception, stages of learning and growth, information processing, memory performance, processing levels, and writing systems. The examining the stages of learning language and music in two systems showed that in both, the stages of growth and learning are relatively similar and synchronized. The regarding the information processing system and memory, the syntactic working memory and the phonological loop play an important role in both systems. The comparison of language and music according to different processing levels such as phonetic, syntactic, and semantic levels show that there are common processing paths and factors in the phonetic processing level for language and music, and rhythm in language affects musical rhythm. At the syntactic level, in tonal music, like language, it is possible to consider hierarchical structures/generative theory and the phenomenon of expectancy and structural rules. However, in music, unlike language, tonal hierarchical structures are non-categorical and asymmetric. At the level of meaning, semantic processing in language is mainly related to the conceptual system, but in music, it is related to the system of emotions and feelings. Regarding the comparison of the writing systems of the two systems, the examination of eye movements shows that the time of fixations and the nature of saccades in reading the text and reading notes are different. Finally, from the point of view of neurolinguistic considerations, the two systems have been investigated according to the neurological processing pathways, processing and organization areas in the brain, and disorders related to the two systems. The results show that there may not be a single area for language and music in the brain, but at least some processing and perception areas of music and some areas involved in understanding and language acquisition overlap. However, in addition to some common areas in the brain for processing language and music, there are also some specific neural areas for them. The results of this study, taking into account the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic considerations, indicate that the two systems have differences but especially similarities. In terms of the general processing and cognitive function of the mind, as well as its neurocognitive function and organization, these differences and similarities can be a way to clarify the issues related to how human cognitive function works.