شناخت زبان بنیاد در زبان شناسی نقشگرا و شناخت مفهوم بنیاد در زبان شناسی شناختی

Different psychologists and linguists have studied cognition from different points of view. Two distinguished approaches in contemporary linguistics, however, are concerned with cognition in a particular and systematic way. Functional (-systemic) linguistics, emphasizing on the sociological features of language, considers cognition of linguistic-basis. Cognitive linguistics, on the other hand, following cognitive psychology, contends that conceptual structures underly cognition in every domain, including language, although it has highly imposing commonality with the former approach. This paper, relying on the one hand on the perspective of Michael Halliday and Christian Matthiessen from the camp of 
functionalism, and on the other hand on the views of such cognitivists as Ronald Langacker and Leonard Talmy, compares functionalism and cognitivism in linguistics on the issue of cognition.