Fundamental topics in sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field resulting from the link between linguistics and sociology, in which the research methods of both sciences are used to study language. In sociolinguistics, language is considered as a social phenomenon. In this field, each language is studied in its social-cultural context since social events leads to some effects on languages. in today’s world that the variety of occurrences is outstanding, it is necessary to study languages from this point of view. In present study through reviewing domestic and foreign researches; while taking a brief look at the relationship between language and society, it has been tried to introduce various aspects and topics of sociological researches including bilingualism and multilingualism, linguistic contact, lingua franca, language variations and language planning by as much as possible a simple expression in order to make familiarity and interest, especially for young researchers. The results showed that according to the various aspects of sociolinguistics, research in this field not only contains thematic diversity, but also may lead to surprising and remarkable findings.