https://www.pazand.ir/ Pazand Quarterly en daily 1 Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0330 Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.pazand.ir/article_240608.html https://www.pazand.ir/article_240324.html In the field of semiotics, nomenclature and family names operate under distinct conditions and unique characteristics. They assigned to people and individuals based on their functions, while on the other, they are preserved based on their origin (surnames naming in historical periods) and are kept in lexicon and historical memory. This dual effect in historical use is a rich source for research in sociolinguistics and other related fields such as historiography, demography and criminology. The interoperation between family naming and historical preservation facilitates interdisciplinary researches in sociolinguistics, folk lexicography and onomastic studies. German linguists have recorded grammatical studies of family names in historical linguistic works until 2023. Specially in the field of phonetics and phonology, leading to document of phonetic changes and morphological changes. This information was collected in the field of terminology, lexemes, and their linguistic distribution and has been analyzed in derivation and compound nouns, as well as other morphological and syntactic components and even adaptation from Greek and Latin languages. Building upon the “Project of the Atlas of German family names” this article proposes the development of an “Atlas for Iranian family names” to be conducted in parallel with the ongoing “National Plan for the Atlas of Iranian Languages” at the Linguistic Research Institute of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage. By analyzing the collected terminology and extraction of conceptual maps of family names should be available to researchers in sociolinguistics and demography and other related fields. https://www.pazand.ir/article_240325.html The history of the formation and historical evolution of naming has always been an important part of the society’s culture and thoughts. This research is applicable not only to the field of social studies, but also to Genetics and medicine fields. In addition to the science of Onomastics, research on female names based on maternal lineage is also noteworthy. Research and discussion on the emergence of surnames and family names in the Middle Ages shows that even though women worked in various professions and occupations similar to men, they often stayed anonymous. This article discusses the reasons behind female naming (matronymic) and the Etymology of several Female family names in German. https://www.pazand.ir/article_240326.html The present study aims to demonstrate, by examining the names of the Infallible Imams and the Rashidun Caliphs over the past 50 years in Bukan County, that the people of Bukan have always held devotion towards the Infallible Imams alongside the Rashidun Caliphs. Changes in the naming of children are not merely a simple phenomenon but rather reflect shifts in social, cultural, and political conditions. By investigating the changes in child naming based on the names of the Imams and Caliphs, this research seeks to answer the following questions: What changes have occurred in the selection of names of the Imams and Caliphs for children over the past 50 years? Do these changes also apply to the name "Muhammad"? How do these changes reflect the social conditions of each decade? Using civil registration data, the frequency of the names of the Imams and Caliphs in different decades will first be entered into relevant tables. Based on this data, corresponding charts will be designed, and the data will be analyzed. While studies on changes in child naming in light of social transformations have been conducted in some cities, there was a gap in religious research showing that Sunni people hold devotion towards the Infallible Imams and that there have also been changes in the selection of names related to the Caliphs. This study is an attempt to address this defect. https://www.pazand.ir/article_240327.html Dualities are two-valued distinctions that help simplify matters and facilitate the formulation of scientific concepts. In linguistics, there is hardly anyone who is not familiar with dualities such as language/speech or competence/performance. In this study, we will address a fundamental duality called informative/symbolic in the field of linguistic perspective. In this field, each linguistic sign is placed in one of the aforementioned categories according to its function. According to this approach, each linguistic sign either has an informational function or plays a symbolic role. For example, the toponym Tajrish glasses has an informational function, and the toponym Aryan food has a symbolic role by referring to the history of Iran and the Aryan civilization. In order to evaluate this duality in the public space of Tehran, place names of three neighborhoods in the north (Tajrish), center (Haft-e-Tir), and south (Khazaneh) were taken into account. After collecting linguistic signs, 2447 urban place names were identified as research data. Data classification showed that of all the extracted place names, 852 signs (34.8%) had a purely informative function and 1595 place names (65.1%) had a combined informative-symbolic function. Reflection on the data indicated that, based on their existential identity, no place name is absolutely symbolic and there is a degree of information in every place name. On the other hand, since about two-thirds of signs have a symbolic function, the authenticity of the duality in question can be challenged. This study encourages the audience to reflect on other seemingly established dualities in science. https://www.pazand.ir/article_240330.html History, the Land and Languages of IranThe contemporary Iranian names comprise part of the lexicon of Modern Persian language, which is the official and standard language of Iran. Present Iran occupies the central part of the historical and cultural Persia, spreading geographically from the Indian subcontinent in the east to Mesopotamia and Anatolia in the west and from the Caspian Sea and Caucasus Mountains in the north to the Persia Gulf in the south. There are several hypothetical reasons—among them the diversity and mildness of the climate—that attracted the Indo-Aryan tribes to migrate from northern Asian steppes around the Aral Lake and north of Caspian Sea to southern regions of Indian subcontinent and Iranian plateau. “The Indo-Aryans split off around 1800 BCE to 1600 BCE from the Iranians, whereafter the Indo-Aryans migrated into Anatolia and, possibly in multiple waves, the Punjab (northern Pakistan and India), while the Iranians moved into Iran, both bringing with them the Indo-Iranian languages. The Medes, Parthians and Persians begin to appear on the western Iranian Plateau from c. 800 BCE, after which they remained under Assyrian rule for several centuries, as it was with the rest of the peoples in the Near East. The Achaemenids replaced Median rule from 559 BCE. Around the first millennium of the Common Era (AD), the Kambojas, the Pashtuns and the Baloch began to settle on the eastern edge of the Iranian Plateau, on the mountainous frontier of northwestern and western Pakistan, displacing the earlier Indo-Aryans from the area. “The earlier Indo-Aryans from the area.” (retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migrations) https://www.pazand.ir/article_240331.html Choosing the title is one of the most important stages in making TV and Radio programs in IRIB which directly influences the audience. Using local languages in program titles is a part of the general topic of using local languages in IRIB which is a key factor in attracting the audience and has always been a challenging issue. Numerous factors like experience, Knowledge and … are influential in choosing titles for TV and Radio programs which can be mostly classified by using linguistic factors. Zaker (2011) identified and presented scales for studying IRIB program titles employing Dor (2003) and Ifantido (2008) theories which are used in the present research to study TV and Radio programs’ titles using local Mazandarani language produced in IRIB (Mazandaran branch) in a 5-year period. The findings indicate that Mazandarani local language is used much less than Persian language. On the other hand, intertextuality is more employed by the producers in choosing program titles. https://www.pazand.ir/article_240332.html In the opening lines of the Shahnameh, Ferdowsi employs the striking and thought-provoking expression “Khodaavand-e Naam” (“Lord of the Name”) alongside “life,” “wisdom,” and “place.” Despite numerous commentaries, this expression still lacks a comprehensive, non-allegorical explanation. The present study investigates the linguistic and epistemological dimensions of the word naam (“name”) in this foundational verse, focusing on why Ferdowsi chose “name” as the initial and central element among all linguistic categories and what deeper meaning this choice conveys. Drawing upon major commentaries by Khaleghi-Motlagh, Aydenloo, Khatibi, and Kazazi, this paper adopts a descriptive–analytical and interdisciplinary approach, grounded in cognitive linguistics- particularly prototype theory- and the mythological archetypes of language across ancient cultures. In mythic thought, language is a sacred, divine phenomenon whose origin lies in the act of naming. In sacred texts such as the Torah and the Qur’an, the teaching of “names” to humankind signifies humanity’s fundamental distinction from angels. Cognitive linguistic analysis further reveals that “naming” constitutes the prototype and foundation of both child language acquisition and the historical evolution of human language. Thus, Ferdowsi’s phrase “Lord of the Name” may be interpreted as “the Lord who created language itself.” https://www.pazand.ir/article_240333.html This article explores the naming system in Iranian Sign Language (Esharani), demonstrating that names in deaf communities, particularly in the Iranian deaf community, are not merely linguistic tools but also carriers of identity, culture, and social narratives. Names can reflect life stories, social affiliations, or even cultural critiques. Drawing on their linguistic knowledge and cultural experiences, the authors analyze two main domains: personal names and place names. The first section introduces various types of sign names for individuals, which are formed based on physical features, personality traits, occupations, clothing, or the initials of spoken names. Unlike many other sign languages that have been studied, the use of fingerspelling for naming in Iranian Sign Language is limited. The second section focuses on place names or toponyms, which are often descriptive and refer to local products, cultural, historical, or geographical characteristics of each location. Like personal names, place names reflect the collective memory and cultural identity of the deaf community. Ultimately, the article emphasizes that names in Iranian Sign Language are formed independently of spoken and written languages and derive their meaning primarily within the cultural and social context of the deaf community.